Corso di Laurea in Tecniche di Laboratorio Biomedico - Cuneo

-  Elementary physics knowledge
-  Basic understanding of electrical circuits and electronic equipments
-  The ability to use some electrical instrumentations employed in clinical area

-  know, know how to evaluate and prevent the risks present in the laboratory

Applied Physics to biomedical diagnostics

• Lecture #1: Introduction: basic course information, "Physics, biophysics and medicine" seminar
• Lecture #2: Basic concepts in: algebra, equations, functions, trigonometry
• Lecture #3: Measure units, vectors
• Lecture #4: Kinematics, dynamics, work and energy
• Lecture #5: Fluidostatics and fluidodynamics
• Lecture #6: Optics
• Lecture #7: Thermodynamics
• Lecture #8: Atomic and nuclear physics
• Lecture #9: Radiations and dosimetry

The lectures will be integrated with tutorial sessions with numerical exercises on the following topics:

• Measure units, vectors
• Kinematics, dynamics, work and energy
• Thermodynamics
• Optics

Measurements and instruments in diagnosis

• Presentation of the course, connections with the activities of biomedical laboratory technician.
• Introducing magnitudes, electrical phenomena and units: electrostatics and electricity: Coulomb's law, electric field and potential, capacitors, electric current, voltage, Ohm, resistance and electrical power, Joule effect; magnetism: magnetic fields, magnetic induction, the Biot-Savart, Faraday's law). Kirchhoff's laws; resistors in series and in parallel, active bipole; applications Ohm's law. Insights on circuits in variable regime. Transient and frequency filters.
• General metrology: the concept of measure, direct and indirect measures, measurement errors and their treatment, prefixes units, notations.
• Measurements of electrical quantities: the  ammeter and current measurements, the voltmeter and voltage measurements, the measurement of the electrical resistance, background power measurement in a variable speed circuits. Oscilloscope background.
  The transducers of chemical physical quantities of interest for biomedical laboratory: temperature transducers, bimetal, thermocouples, thermistors, resistance thermometers, transducers of speed and linear acceleration and radial, potentiometric transducer, encoder; level transducers; pressure transducers, proximity sensors, first background of photometric transducers.
• Electronics: Semiconductors. The doping of semiconductors. The PN junction and the diode. Uses of the diode in the rectifier circuits. ransistors and operational amplifiers: notes on bipolar and field-effect transistors and their applications. The concept of feedback, operational amplifiers: voltage follower, amplifier
  inverting, non-inverting amplifier. Differentiator and integrator circuits.
• Analog electronics to digital electronics: the simple comparator with hysteresis and threshold, the sampling of the analog signals, the sample and hold circuit, examples of analog / digital converters (flash converter).
• The digital signals: logic gates and applications, application to the storage circuits (RS flip flop) and calculation (half-adder and adder).
• The measurement of the concentration of electrolytes by means of electrodes: construction of the electronic circuit of pH-meter on breadborad.
• The spectrophotometer and simulations. Feedback of electrophoretic techniques.
• Components, implementation and testing of simple test circuits breadborad, computer simulation of phenomena and systems studied.

Techniques of laboratory medicine sciences applied to risk assessment and prevention workshops     

• concepts of risk and danger. Elements of risk measure.     
• General information on D.Lgs.81 / 2008 and other legislation concerning the matter.     
• general risks of a healthcare company.     
• specific risks of the work environment: Laboratory Analysis.     
• chemical and carcinogenic risk: identification of risk factors, labeling and safety data sheets, evaluation methodology, remediation measures.     
• biohazard: identification of risk factors, classification of biological agents, assessment methodology, remediation measures.     
• Risk ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in the laboratory.     
• Fire Hazard: elements of danger and emergency management.     
• piscosociali risks: stress, mobbing, burnout.     
• Risks from manual handling of loads: identification of risk factors, assessment methodology (NIOSH, Snook and Ciriello, OCRA), remediation measures.     
• Risk arising from the use of display screen equipment: identification of risk factors, assessment methodology, remediation measures. 
• Risk determined by the use of materials containing rubber latex.     
• Means of individual and environmental protection.

Technical sciences of laboratory medicine applied to risk assessment and prevention in the laboratory Concepts of risk and danger.

• Elements of risk measurement.
• General information on Legislative Decree 81/2008 and other legislation concerning the matter.
• The added value of safe behavior: the importance of the human factor Accidents and "near misses": the Heinrich pyramid.
• Tools to prevent risk. Fire risk: elements of danger and emergency management. Virtual field exercise. Social risks: stress, mobbing, burnout. Specific risks in an analysis laboratory. Chemical-carcinogenic risk: identification of risk factors, labeling and safety data sheets, assessment methodology, remediation measures.
• Practical exercise of recognizing the risk elements of some products used in the laboratory. Biological risk: identification of risk factors, classification of biological agents, assessment methodology, remediation measures.
• Risk from manual handling of loads: identification of risk factors, assessment methodology (NIOSH, Snook and Ciriello, OCRA), remediation measures.
• Risk determined by the use of equipment equipped with video terminals: identification of risk factors, assessment methodology, remediation measures.
• Personal and environmental protection devices.
• Criteria for choosing PPE and DPA

Teaching is divided into two modules:

• Physics applied to biomedical diagnostics: 24 hours lessons (2CFU)
• Measurements and instruments in diagnosis: 24 hours of lessons (2 CFU)
• Techniques of laboratory medicine sciences applied to risk assessment and prevention in the laboratory : includes 12 hours of lessons ( 1 CFU )

The total of 60 hours of lectures took place in the classroom, where slides are showed and provided to students as teaching materials.

Oral exam

For the "Applied physics to biomedical diagnostic" a written exam is also planned, which consist of 23 questions with multiple answers, some of which require numerical calculations.

 SANITARY EMERGENCY: starting from the session of 11/09/2020 (included), the exams will be organized in presence, upon pre-triage and consultation of the RIENTRI section. In compliance with Rectoral Decree nr. 2576/2020, students will have the possibility of giving the exam in videoconference, provided that they find themselves in at least one of the following conditions:

• health issues
• residency outside of Piemonte region
• temporary residency outside of Piemonte region

In case, the above-listed conditions will need to be demonstrated by means of a written self-declearation. The University will retain the right of requesting a more detailed documented demonstration of such declarations. In case of mendacious declarations, the students will be removed from the exam registration list.