Corso di Laurea in Tecniche di Laboratorio Biomedico - Cuneo

The main aim of the course will be to provide the students with a basic knowledge of principal systems and organs of the human body. First, we plan to explain the main difference between systems, apparatuses, organs and tissues. Subsequently, the organization of  main organ and apparatuses will be described in details by using images taken from books and atlases of human anatomy.

The goal is to provide a synthetic view of classic histology enriched with a functional description of cells and tissues. The course aims at providing students the basic notions of the histology of major tissues. At the end of the course, students will have to demonstrate to have mastered the contents and to be able to critically evaluate the experimental approach which stands at the basis of the course. This course is introductory to the anatomy course.

Knowledge of major anatomical structures, apparatuses, systems, and organs with special reference to the needs of the Biomedical Laboratory Technician profession.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY

At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate:

-to have acquired the basic notions of normal human anatomy, stimulating in-depth study in some specific areas. He/she must also demonstrate that he/she has learned the basics of topographical anatomy, and that he/she has acquired the skills on the macroscopic, microscopic and functional characteristics of the organs of the human body and on the relationships between them. These skills will be acquired thanks to the attendance of lessons and individual study.

- to have acquired the basic notions of histology and the function of cells and tissues;

- to have learned the physiology of the various types of cells and of the various organs, in particular knowing some properties of excitable cells (resting, local and action membrane potential).

APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

As regards the anatomy module, at the end of the learning process it is expected that the basic knowledge on the anatomical organization of the organs covered has been acquired.

As regards the histology module, the student must be able to recognize the various types of epithelia and the main types of structures and cells characterizing tissues (connective, cartilage, bone, nervous, cutaneous, muscular, glandular and blood). The student must also demonstrate knowledge and application of the main instruments for the observation of histological preparations (optical, electronic and fluorescence microscopes) and the main techniques of staining and analysis of tissues (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence).

As regards the physiology module, at the end of the teaching the student must be able to explain the concept of di homeostatic equilibrium, how cells communicate and main properties of excitable cells (resting, local and action membrane potential), and how these vary in nerve cells rather than in muscle or cardiac cells. The student must also demonstrate knowledge of the physiological functioning of the main organs and systems.

JUDGMENT SKILLS

know how to consult accredited sources and databases that deal with the specific subject to keep up to date on the subjects covered by the course. -be able to comment and discuss in a critical and autonomous way the topics presented in class, related to the course. -know how to express independent judgment in the analysis skills of the functional and dysfunctional interactions of the various structures of human anatomy, histology and physiology provided for by the study program, useful for addressing a critical evaluation of the notions or problems that come to his attention.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to use rigorous scientific language on topics in the field of microbiology, both in written and oral form, along with the use and discussion of graphic diagrams and images to represent descriptive patterns of the subject matter.

LEARNING SKILLS

By the end of the teaching students and students will have developed an adequate study method and critical thinking of the subject, through the material provided in class, supplemented with other resources (textbooks and online resources, previously discussed with the Lecturer). 

HUMAN ANATOMY: 12 hours of frontal lessons (1 CFU)

• Normal human anatomy (reference plans, anatomical terminology, systems and apparatuses)
• Introduction on the musculoskeletal system (bones, muscles, joints)
• Cardiovascular system (with special reference to heart and large vessels)
• Respiratory system
• Digestive system
• Basics of the excretory system (especially the kidney)
• Basics of the nervous system and neuroanatomy

HISTOLOGY:24 hours (2 CFU)

• Cell morphology, structure and function.
• Epithelia: classification, morphology and functional aspects.
• Connective tissue: classification, morphology and functional aspects.
• Cartilage and bone: classification, morphology and functional aspects.
• Structure and function of the smooth, striated and cardiac muscle tissue.
• Exocrine and endocrine glands: classification, morphology and functional aspects.
• Nervous system: classification, morphology and functional aspects.
• Morphofunctional aspects of plasma and blood samples; hints on haematopoiesis and immune system. Cenni di embriologia.
• Notions of embryology
• The histological techniques

MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND TISSUE PHYSIOLOGY:

• Homeostasis
• Cell signalling
• Physiology of excitable cells: membrane potential, action potential and synapses
• Physiology of cardiovascular apparatus
• Physiology of respiratory apparatus
• Physiology of the exchange processes between respiratory spaces/ plasma and plasma/peripheral tissues
• Physiology of digestive apparatus
• Physiology of urinary apparatus
• Physiology of the endocrine system. In particular

Teaching course will be divided in 3 modules:

Human Anatomy: 12 hours of lectures (1CFU) that take place in the classroom with the help of projections

Histology: 24 hours of lectures (1CFU) that take place in the classroom with the help of projections

Molecular, cellular and tissue physiology: 24 hours of lectures (1CFU) that take place in the classroom with the help of projections

Human Anatomy:

• Vercelli A. _ Anatomia umana. Edi-Ermes
• Martini, Bartholomew. Elementi di Anatomia, Istologia e Fisiologia dell'uomo. EdiSES
• Netter F.H. “Atlante di anatomia Umana” - Elsevier

Histology:

• ELEMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA di Adamo, Bernardini ed altri edito da PICCIN.

Molecular, cellular and tissue physiology:

• L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellula. di Alberts - Hopkin - Johnson 2020
• Fisiologia: dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati. Carbone Aicardi Maggi - EdiSES